Generalizing Boolean Satisfiability I: Background and Survey of Existing Work

Heidi E. Dixon ixon@cirl.uoregon.edu
CIRL
Computer and Information Science
1269 University of Oregon
Eugene, OR 97403 USA Matthew L. Ginsberg insberg@otsys.com
On Time Systems, Inc.
1850 Millrace, Suite 1
Eugene, OR 97403 USA Andrew J. Parkes arkes@cirl.uoregon.edu
CIRL
1269 University of Oregon
Eugene, OR 97403 USA

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Abstract:

This is the first of three planned papers describing ZAP, a satisfiability engine that substantially generalizes existing tools while retaining the performance characteristics of modern high-performance solvers. The fundamental idea underlying ZAP is that many problems passed to such engines contain rich internal structure that is obscured by the Boolean representation used; our goal is to define a representation in which this structure is apparent and can easily be exploited to improve computational performance. This paper is a survey of the work underlying ZAP, and discusses previous attempts to improve the performance of the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland algorithm by exploiting the structure of the problem being solved. We examine existing ideas including extensions of the Boolean language to allow cardinality constraints, pseudo-Boolean representations, symmetry, and a limited form of quantification. While this paper is intended as a survey, our research results are contained in the two subsequent articles, with the theoretical structure of ZAP described in the second paper in this series, and ZAP's implementation described in the third.